From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ratatouille (French pronunciation: [ʁatatuj], English: /rætəˈtuːiː/) is a 2007 computer-animated film produced by Pixar and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The film was the eighth movie produced by Pixar, and was directed by Brad Bird, who took over from Jan Pinkava in 2005. The title refers to a French dish which is served late in the film, and is also a play on words about the species of the main character.
The plot follows Remy, a rat who dreams of becoming a chef and tries to achieve his goal by forming an alliance with a Parisian restaurant's garbage boy. Ratatouille was released on June 29, 2007 in the United States, to both critical acclaim and box office success, and later won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, among other honors.
Remy is a teenaged rat who lives in the attic of a French
country home with his brother Emile and a pack led by his father
Django. Gifted with a keen sense of smell and taste, Remy aspires to be a
gourmet chef, inspired by France's recently deceased top chef, Auguste
Gusteau, but instead his talent is put to work in sniffing for rat poison.
When the pack is discovered by the home's occupant, they flee into the
sewers; Remy becomes separated from the others and ends up marooned
underneath Gusteau's restaurant in Paris, conversing with a hallucination of the famous chef.
Urged on by Gusteau, Remy makes his way up to the restaurant's
kitchen skylight to watch the staff in action. There, he observes
Alfredo Linguini being hired as an escuelerie by Skinner, the restaurant's current owner and Gusteau's former sous-chef.
When Linguini spills some of the soup and attempts to repair it using
random ingredients, Remy is horrified, and falls into the kitchen;
there, instead of escaping, he fixes the soup. Remy is caught by
Linguini just as Linguini is caught by Skinner, but before anyone can
stop the serving staff, the soup is served and found to be a success.
Colette Tatou, the staff's only female chef,
convinces Skinner to retain Linguini, believing him to be the success
behind the soup. Linguini, who noticed Remy's intervention, takes him
home instead of killing him.
Remy discovers that he can control Linguini's movements by pulling on his hair.
Remy and Linguini find a means to overcome their language barrier, with Remy pulling Linguini's hair under his toque blanche to control his limbs like a marionette.
The pair successfully meet the challenges devised by Skinner. Skinner
becomes concerned about Linguini's talent and discovers that Linguini is
actually Gusteau's son and by Gusteau's will, is the rightful owner of the restaurant; this revelation would ruin Skinner's plans to use Gusteau's name to market a line of microwave meals.
Remy eventually finds the will and presents it to Linguini after
narrowly escaping from Skinner during a chase all over Paris. Linguini
subsequently takes over the restaurant and fires Skinner, who vows
revenge.
Linguini and Colette begin to develop a romantic bond, leaving Remy
feeling left out and taken for granted. Remy finds Emile in the
restaurant's trash, and Remy is reunited with the pack. Django warns
Remy that humans and rats will never get along, and even shows Remy a
shop with dead rats hanging on a bar, but Remy does not believe him.
Anton Ego, a notoriously harsh English food critic whose past review
caused both Gusteau's death of heartbreak and the ultimate loss of two
of the restaurant's star ratings,
announces he will review the restaurant again the next day based on its
rising success. Linguini, under pressure of Ego's pending arrival, has a
falling-out with Remy and throws him out of the restaurant. Remy
retaliates by leading a raid on the kitchen's foodstocks that night.
Linguini, returning to the restaurant to find Remy and apologise to him,
catches the rats in the act and chases them all out, including Remy,
telling the rat he never wants to see him again. Remy, regretting his
actions, is captured by Skinner, who has discovered Linguini's secret.
In his cage, Remy has one final conversation with his phantom Gusteau,
who tells him that the rat never needed his guidance and at that moment,
he is freed by Django and Emile. Remy returns to the kitchen, where a
frantic Linguini apologises and asks Remy back to help. Linguini then
reveals the truth about Remy to the staff, resulting in a mass walk-out
by the heartbroken disbelievers; only Colette returns, after recalling
Gusteau's motto: "Anyone can cook."
Impressed by his son's determination, Django organizes the rest of the pack to help out in the kitchen. They lock Skinner and a health inspector
he called into the storeroom when they try to interfere. Linguini
serves as the waiter for the night, while Remy and Colette work together
to prepare a variation of ratatouille
for Ego. Ego is amazed by the dish, which evokes childhood memories of
his mother's cooking, and asks to see the chef. Linguini and Colette ask
Ego to wait until all the other customers leave to introduce Remy to
Ego. Meanwhile, when the chefs are about to go home, Colette refused to
go unless she kisses Linguini on the lips. That was what she did that
night. Ego writes a glowing review of the meal the next day, declaring
Remy (albeit not by name or species) exemplary of Gusteau's motto, and
"nothing less than the finest chef in France."
In the dénouement,
Gusteau's is closed down by the health inspector, and Ego loses his job
and his credibility as a food critic for praising a restaurant filled
with rats. However, he funds a new restaurant run by Remy, Linguini and
Colette, featuring dining areas for both humans and rats and a kitchen
designed for Remy to continue cooking. The film ends showing a long
queue outside and a sign displaying a rat wearing a toque and holding a
spoon, and below it the name "La Ratatouille."
[edit] Main characters
- Patton Oswalt
as Remy. Although he is a rat, he strives to serve for a good purpose
and the protagonist of the film. Director Brad Bird chose him to voice
narrate after hearing his food-related comedy routine. Remy was named
after director Brad Bird's dog, a 5 year-old American Hairless Terrier.[3]
- Lou Romano as Alfredo Linguini, Gusteau's (possibly illegitimate) son and the deuteragonist
of the film. He is at first hired as a kitchen cleaner, but soon
becomes the owner of Gusteau's and a well-known chef through his
friendship with Remy.
- Janeane Garofalo as Colette Tatou, Gusteau's rôtisseur. She is assigned to tutor Linguini in cooking, and falls in love with him.
- Ian Holm
as Skinner. a diminutive chef and the main antagonist of the film. He
plans to use Gusteau's name to market a line of microwaveable meals, and
attempts to hide the fact that Linguini is Gusteau's son so as not to
ruin his plans. Skinner's behaviour, diminutive size, and body language are loosely based on Louis de Funès.[4]
- Peter O'Toole
as Anton Ego, a harsh food critic and the secondary antagonist of the
film. He openly dislikes Gusteau's methods and opinions, but has a
change of heart when he learns that Remy, a rat, can cook (in his
opinion) better than Gusteau. Ego's appearance was modeled after Louis Jouvet.[5]
- Brad Garrett
as Auguste Gusteau (whose first name and last name are anagrams of each
other). The once greatest chef in France until his death by heartbreak
caused by Anton Ego's negative review of his restaurant, though Ego
later regrets this in the end. Many reviewers believe that Gusteau is
inspired by real-life chef Bernard Loiseau, who committed suicide after media speculation that his flagship restaurant, La Côte d'Or, was going to be downgraded from three Michelin stars to two.[6] La Côte d'Or was one of the restaurants visited by Brad Bird and others in France.[7]
- Brian Dennehy
as Django, the father of Remy and Emile. His name is never mentioned in
the film. While he loves his son, he disapproves of Remy's
companionship with Linguini, but comes through for Remy in the end.
- Peter Sohn as Emile, Remy's older brother.
[edit] Other characters
- Will Arnett as Horst, Gusteau's German sous chef.
- Julius Callahan as Lalo, Gusteau's saucier and poissonnier, and as François, Skinner's Malaysian advertising executive.
- James Remar as Larousse, Gusteau's garde manger.
- John Ratzenberger as Mustafa, Gusteau's head waiter.
- Teddy Newton as Talon Labarthe, Skinner's lawyer.
- Tony Fucile as Pompidou, Gusteau's pastry chief, also as the health inspector.
- Jake Steinfeld as Git, a former lab rat and member of Django's colony.
- Brad Bird as Ambrister Minion, Ego's butler.
- Stéphane Roux as the narrator of the cooking channel.
- Thomas Keller as a dining patron.[8]
- Jen Herrmann as female dining patron.
[edit] Production
Jan Pinkava came up with the concept and directed the film from 2001, creating the original design, sets and characters and core storyline.[9] Lacking confidence[10] in Pinkava's story development, Pixar management replaced him with Bird in 2005.[11][12][13]
Bird was attracted to the film because of the outlandishness of the
concept and the conflict that drove it: that rats feared kitchens, yet a
rat wanted to work in one.[3] Bird was also delighted that the film could be made a highly physical comedy,[11] with the character of Linguini providing endless fun for the animators.[14] Bird rewrote the story, with a change in emphasis. He killed off Gusteau, gave larger roles to Skinner and Colette,[15] and also changed the appearance of the rats to be less anthropomorphic.[16]
Because Ratatouille is intended to be a romantic, lush vision of Paris, giving it an identity distinct from previous Pixar films,[11]
director Brad Bird, producer Brad Lewis and some of the crew spent a
week in the city to properly understand its environment, taking a
motorcycle tour and eating at five top restaurants.[7] There are also many water-based sequences in the film, one of which is set in the sewers and is more complex than the blue whale scene in Finding Nemo. One scene has Linguini wet after jumping into the Seine
to fetch Remy. A Pixar employee (Shade/Paint Dept Coordinator Kesten
Migdal) jumped into Pixar's swimming pool wearing a chef's uniform and
apron to see which parts of the suit stuck to his body and which became
translucent from water absorption.[17]
[edit] Food design
A challenge for the filmmakers was creating computer-generated food
animations that would appear delicious. Gourmet chefs in both the U.S.
and France were consulted[16] and animators attended cooking classes at San Francisco-area culinary schools[8] to understand the workings of a commercial kitchen.
Sets/Layout Dept Manager Michael Warch, a culinary-academy trained
professional chef prior to working at Pixar, helped teach and consult
animators as they worked. He also prepared dishes used by the Art,
Shade/Paint, Effects and Sets Modeling Departments.[18][19] Renowned chef Thomas Keller allowed producer Brad Lewis to intern in his French Laundry kitchen. For the film's climax, Keller designed a fancy, layered version of the title dish for the rat characters to cook, which he called "confit byaldi" in honor of the original Turkish name.[8] The same sub-surface light scattering technique that was used on skin in The Incredibles was used on fruits and vegetables,[20] while new programs gave an organic texture and movement to the food.[21] Completing the illusion were music, dialogue, and abstract imagery representing the characters' mental sensations while appreciating food. The visual flavor metaphors were created by animator Michel Gagné inspired by the work of Oscar Fischinger and Norman McLaren.[22] To create a realistic compost pile, the Art Department photographed fifteen different kinds of produce, such as apples, berries, bananas, mushrooms, oranges, broccoli, and lettuce, in the process of rotting.[23]
[edit] Character design
According to Pixar designer Jason Deamer, "Most of the characters
were designed while Jan [Pinkava] was still directing... He has a real
eye for sculpture."[24] For example, according to Pinkava, the critic Anton Ego was designed to resemble a vulture.[25] Rat expert Debbie Ducommun (a.k.a. the "Rat Lady") was consulted on rat habits and characteristics.[26] A vivarium containing pet rats sat in a hallway for more than a year so animators could study the movement of the animals' fur, noses, ears, paws, and tails as they ran.[20] The cast members strove to make their French accents authentic yet understandable. John Ratzenberger notes that he often segued into an Italian accent.[7]
To save time, human characters were designed and animated without toes.[27]
Despite this, the movie had such high design values that the human
characters were even given burn marks on their forearms, as if they had
received them from the kitchen stoves.
Brad Bird reteamed with Michael Giacchino on the score for Ratatouille since they got along well during the scoring of The Incredibles.
Giacchino had written two themes for Remy, one about his thief self and
the other about his hopes and dreams. He also wrote a buddy theme for
both Remy and Linguini that plays when they're together. In addition to
the score, Giacchino wrote the main theme song, "Le Festin", about Remy and his wishes to be a chef. Camille
was hired to perform "Le Festin" after Giacchino listened to her music
and realized she was perfect for the song; as a result, the song is sung
in French in all versions of the film. The music for Ratatouille gave Giacchino his first Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score as well as his first Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album.
[edit] Release
Ratatouille's world premiere was on June 22, 2007 at Los Angeles' Kodak Theater.[28] The commercial release was one week later, with the Academy Award nominated short film Lifted preceding Ratatouille in theaters.[29] A special pre-release of the film was shown at the Harkins Cine Capri Theater in Scottsdale, Arizona on June 16, 2007 at which a Pixar representative was present to collect viewer feedback.
[edit] Marketing
The trailer for Ratatouille debuted with the release of its immediate predecessor, Cars.
It depicts an original scene where Remy is caught on the cheese trolley
in the restaurant's dining area sampling the cheese and barely escaping
the establishment, intercut with separate scenes of the rat explaining
directly to the audience why he is taking such risks. Similar to most of
Pixar's teaser trailers, the scene was not present in the final film
release.
A second trailer was released on March 23, 2007.[30] The Ratatouille Big Cheese Tour began on May 11, 2007, with cooking demonstrations and a film preview.[31] Voice actor Lou Romano attended the San Francisco leg of the tour for autograph signings.[32]
The front label of the planned Ratatouille wine to have been promoted by Disney, Pixar, and Costco, and subsequently pulled for its use of a cartoon character.
Disney and Pixar were working to bring a French-produced Ratatouille-branded wine to Costco stores in August 2007, but abandoned plans because of complaints from the California Wine Institute, citing standards in labeling that restrict the use of cartoon characters to avoid attracting under-age drinkers.[33]
In the United Kingdom, in place of releasing a theatrical trailer, a
theatrical commercial featuring Remy and Emile was released in cinemas
prior to its release to discourage obtaining pirated films.[34] Also in the United Kingdom, the main characters were used for a theatrical commercial for the Nissan Note,
with Remy and Emile watching an original commercial for it made for the
"Surprisingly Spacious" ad campaign and also parodying it respectively.[35]
Disney/Pixar were concerned that audiences, particularly children,
would not be familiar with the word "ratatouille" and its pronunciation.
The title was therefore also spelt phonetically within trailers and on
posters.[36][37]
For similar reasons, in the American release of the film, on-screen
text in French was printed in English, such as the title of Gusteau's
cookbook and the sign telling kitchen staff to wash their hands, though
in the British English release, these are rendered in French. In Canada,
the film was released theatrically with text in English, but on DVD,
the majority of the text (including Gusteau's will) was in French.
[edit] Home media
Ratatouille was released on high-definition Blu-ray Disc and DVD in North America on November 6, 2007.[38] One of the special features on the disc is a new animated short film featuring Remy and Emile entitled Your Friend the Rat,
in which the two rats attempt to entreat the (human) viewer to welcome
rats as their friends, demonstrating the benefits and misconceptions of
rats towards humanity through several historical examples. The eleven
minute short uses 3D animation, 2D animation, live action and even stop motion animation, a first for Pixar.[39]
The disc also includes a CG short entitled Lifted. This is the short that aired before the film during its theatrical run. It depicts an adolescent extraterrestrial
attempting to abduct a sleeping human. Throughout the sequence, he is
graded by an adult extraterrestrial in a manner reminiscent of a driver's licensing exam road test. The entire short contains no dialogue (which is typical of Pixar Shorts not based on existing properties).
Also included among the special features deleted scenes, a featurette featuring Brad Bird discussing filmmaking and Chef Thomas Keller discussing culinary creativity entitled "Fine Food and Film", and four easter eggs.
[edit] Reception
[edit] Box office
In its opening weekend in North America, Ratatouille opened in 3,940 theaters and debuted at #1 with $47 million,[40] the lowest Pixar opening since A Bug's Life. However, in France, where the film is set, the film broke the record for the biggest debut for an animated film.[41] In the UK, the film debuted at #1 with sales over £4million.[42]
The film has grossed $206,445,654 in the United States and Canada and a
total of $623,722,818 worldwide, making it the fifth highest grossing Disney·Pixar film now, just behind Toy Story 3, Finding Nemo, Up and The Incredibles.[43]
[edit] Critical reaction
Critical reaction to the film was almost unanimously positive. On film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Ratatouille has a 96% rating from a sample of 205 reviews,[44] while it has a Metacritic score of 96 based on 37 reviews, which in June 2009 was the seventh-highest of all scores on the website.[45]
Ratatouille was nominated for five Oscars including Best Animated Feature Film,
which it won. At the time, the film held the record for the greatest
number of Oscar nominations for a computer animated feature film,
breaking the previous record held by Monsters Inc., Finding Nemo, and The Incredibles at four nominations, but tied with Aladdin for any animated film. In 2008, WALL-E surpassed that record with 6 nominations. Now, Ratatouille is tied with Up for animated film with the second greatest number of Oscar nominations. Beauty and the Beast still holds the record for most Oscar nominations (also 6) for a traditional hand-drawn animated film.
A. O. Scott of The New York Times called Ratatouille
"a nearly flawless piece of popular art, as well as one of the most
persuasive portraits of an artist ever committed to film" and ended his
review with a simple "thank you" to the creators of the film.[46]
Richard Roeper gave the film a very positive review saying it's "a very
interesting film, it's working on a very different level." Both Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times and Jeffrey Lyons from NBC's Reel Talk said in their reviews that they loved the film so much, they are hoping for a sequel.[47][48] Reaction to the film in France was also extremely positive.[49][50] Thomas Sotinel, film critic at the daily newspaper Le Monde, hailed Ratatouille as "one of the greatest gastronomic films in the history of cinema".[51] Several reviews noted that Anton Ego's critique at the end of the movie could be taken, and at least in one case was taken,[52] as "a slap on the wrist" for professional critics.[53][54]
[edit] Top ten lists
The film appeared on many critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2007.[55]
- 1st - Michael Sragow, The Baltimore Sun
- 1st — Best Animation, Rotten Tomatoes [56]
- 1st — Best Film, users at Rotten Tomatoes [57]
- 1st — Gene Seymour, Newsday[58]
- 1st- Mike McStay, Socius.or.kr
- 2nd — A.O. Scott, The New York Times
- 2nd — Carina Chocano, Los Angeles Times
- 2nd — Joe Morgenstern, The Wall Street Journal
- 3rd — Jack Mathews, New York Daily News
- 3rd — Lawrence Toppman, The Charlotte Observer
- 3rd — Noel Murray, The A.V. Club
- 3rd — Peter Hartlaub, San Francisco Chronicle
- 4th — Empire
- 4th — Kirk Honeycutt, The Hollywood Reporter
- 4th — Liam Lacey and Rick Groen, The Globe and Mail
- 4th — Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
- 5th — Ella Taylor, LA Weekly
|
- 5th — Lou Lumenick, New York Post
- 5th — Nathan Rabin, The A.V. Club
- 5th — Scott Foundas, LA Weekly
- 6th — Jonathan Rosenbaum, Chicago Reader (tied with 11 other films)
- 6th — Kyle Smith, New York Post
- 6th — Michael Rechtshaffen, The Hollywood Reporter
- 6th — Shawn Levy, The Oregonian
- 6th — Stephanie Zacharek, Salon
- 6th — Ty Burr, The Boston Globe
- 8th — Glenn Kenny, Premiere
- 9th — Dana Stevens, Slate
- 9th — David Edelstein, New York magazine (tied with Persepolis)
- 10th — Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times
- 10th — Wesley Morris, The Boston Globe
|
[edit] Accolades
The film was nominated for five Academy Awards including Original
Score, Achievement in Sound Editing, Achievement in Sound Mixing,
Original Screenplay and Animated Feature Film, winning only the last
one.[59] Furthermore Ratatouille was nominated for 13 Annie Awards including twice in the Best Animated Effects, where it lost to Surf's Up,
and three times in the Best Voice Acting in an Animated Feature
Production for Janeane Garofalo, Ian Holm, and Patton Oswalt, where Ian
Holm won the nomination.[60] It won the Best Animated Feature Award from multiple associations including the Chicago Film Critics,[61] the National Board of Review,[62] the Annie Awards,[60] the Broadcast Film Critics,[63] the British Academy of Film and Television (BAFTA), and the Golden Globes.[64]
[edit] Similar films
If magazine described Ratatoing, a 2007 Brazilian computer graphics cartoon by company Vídeo Brinquedo, as a "ripoff" of Ratatouille.[65] Marcus Aurelius Canônico of Folha de S. Paulo described Ratatoing as a derivative of Ratatouille. Canônico discussed whether lawsuits from Pixar would appear. The Brazilian Ministry of Culture posted Marcus Aurelius Canônico's article on its website.[66]
[edit] References
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- ^ Cynthia Hubert (2007-06-22). "Rat fanciers hope animated film will help their pets shed bad PR". Sacramento Bee.
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- ^ Hollywood rodent cooks up a storm Times Online. August 18, 2007.
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- ^ Rats scored big, Rotten Tomatoes
- ^ Rats scores big with public, Rotten Tomatoes
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- ^ "Awards for 2007". National Board of Review. http://www.nbrmp.org/awards/past.cfm?year=2007. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
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- ^ "Clip of the Week: RATATOING - BRAZIL RIPOFF OF RATATOUILLE," If
- ^ "Vídeo Brinquedo faz sucesso com desenhos como “Os Carrinhos” e “Ratatoing”" (in Portuguese). Folha de São Paulo. Ministry of Culture (Brazil). http://www.cultura.gov.br/site/?p=107. ""These descriptions bring to mind Cars and Ratatouille, the latest two feature films by North American giant Pixar, a part of Disney""
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